| | Pax Americana | | | | Modifier la taille du texte: | A | | | A | | |
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| | Par:- Gilles Ribouët
On 08/09/2011 |
Chacun de nous se souvient où il était le 11 septembre 2001 quand la toute-puissance américaine a été ébranlée en plein coeur. Dix ans que le terrorisme est devenu un enjeu central des relations internationales : les agences de sécurité des pays occidentaux restent sur le qui-vive, les pays abritant des réseaux terroristes sont quotidiennement la proie d’attaques. A quelques jours de la date anniversaire marquant cette décennie, l’express iD propose différentes entrées pour appréhender et se rappeler cet événement majeur de l’histoire contemporaine.
Partout, des hommes et des femmes ont pris un choc en pleine face en voyant d’abord les avions s’écraser sur le World Trade Centre puis les tours s’effondrer. D’autres ont jubilé en se disant que l’hyper-puissance américaine presque hégémonique depuis la chute du mur de Berlin en 1989 a payé pour son arrogance. La paix à l’américaine, les Etats arabes n’en ont pas voulu. Le concept du Nouveau Moyen-Orient (New Middle East), façonné à Washington au lendemain des attentats du 11-Septembre, n’a pas pris. «De la Mauritanie au Pakistan», il s’agissait d’imposer la démocratie, analyse, dans l’entretien en page 10, Jean-François Daguzan, spécialiste du terrorisme international. Par la force, s’il le fallait.
Dès le 12 septembre 2001, la guerre contre le terrorisme était déclarée. Elle semblait légitime. L’ennemi avait un visage : Ben Laden, débusqué et tué dix ans plus tard près d’Islamabad au Pakistan. Sa mort n’est en rien une victoire. Al- Qaida et ses avatars constituent une mouvance pollinisée qui utilise les attentats-suicides, arme de précision du pauvre, qui dévoie l’essence d’une religion pour en faire une justification, qui instille la peur et provoque la colère.
La violence considérée légitime contre le terrorisme, par l’implication en Afghanistan, est apparue comme un moyen d’imposer, paradoxalement, la paix et d’éradiquer les sources du Mal. L’Irak a été la goutte d’eau de trop : unilatéralement, les Etats-Unis ont décidé de débarrasser Bagdad de Saddam Hussein plutôt que d’avancer sur la question israélo-palestinienne, racine de bien des maux dans la région. Dix ans après, l’équilibre des forces a considérablement changé. Les Etats-Unis ne sont plus la puissance incontestée et incontestable. Le vent de la démocratie dans les pays arabo-musulmans ne s’accompagne pas du bruit du rotor des hélicoptères militaires US : c’est le trop-plein de la rue, l’étouffement, la paralysie, qui augurent un «Nouveau Moyen-Orient». N’en déplaise aux théoriciens américains.
En dix ans, c’est aussi la peur qui s’est instillée, obligeant à renforcer les dispositifs de sécurité (et Diego Garcia d’être indispensable, donc hors de portée des revendications mauricianochagossiennes), notamment aéroportuaires (voir l’article en couverture de l’express iD). C’est aussi une méfiance, voire une peur insidieuse, de l’islam et des musulmans, qui se sont installées dans de trop nombreuses caboches friandes du raccourci «barbu = musulman = terroriste», constate-t-on à la lecture de l’article «L’islam au-delà des représentations», en page 11.
Une décennie n’a pas permis d’imposer une Pax Americana. Elle a inauguré la fin de l’hégémonie américaine.
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| guillaume tell | | | The Pax Americana is beyond the ken of world understanding. When the US sold its most advanced warplanes to the countries of the middle east, Israel was shocked to see its enemies having the same jet fighters. Now we know that these planes are obsolete to the US who now have planes able to fly 300 consecutive days without re-fuelling and meant to destroy all the satellites necessary to GPS Guide the warplanes sold by the US. | | | Tryptophan@live.co.uk | | | The blowing up of the Twin Towers were an excuse for USA/UK to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. | | | Honky Tonk | | | Sorry chitchat but Alqaeda and Bin Laden declared war against the United States. You should remember that if 9.11 did not happen there would not be any war whether in Afghanistan or Iraq. The battle fields i'm talking about are Afghanistan and Iraq. Thank you | | | Chitchat | | | @ Honky tonk, Bin Laden and his followers are TERRORISTS. Terrorism is the systemic use of
violence and intimidation to achieve political ends - NOT FAUGHT ON BATTLEFIELDS. Please check
it up, Bin Laden led an organisation that attacked civilians in the United States and several
other nations. While war is legalized killing, terrorism is evil, Sorry I don't see your point. | | | Tryptophan | | | “Fear of Islam ,” you say? Largely an excuse for American/Nato hegemony and Colonialist intentions! Last Night, an ex-Cabinet Minister ( D. Miliband) of Blair’s government, asserted that the term “War On Terror” should never have been utilised, because it has caused more fear ( therefore unpredictable emotions and reactions) on the part of ordinary Muslims across the world. Talks of Crusade have in fact changed attitudes of non-Muslims towards them (Muslims). He also said, now that he is out of politics, that the attack on Iraq was a mistake ( although he voted for it) . Whatever the benefits the Invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan the likes Elvis and Honky Tonk perceive these cannot outweigh the ills of the destruction caused , loss of millions of lives, and the continuing carnage which is guaranteed to go on…. Mubarak was kept in place by the money and might of USA, but it only takes a revolt of the people to get him out. The same could have happened to Sadam if he was not kept propped up by USA, BECAUSE OF OIL. The drive , thirst and greed for OIL carries on in Libya. As for Elvis wanting to divide the world according to the Bible ( his Bible) well he needs to question why the United Nations ( which is supposed to be Non-religious, and Non-Christian) created the State of Israel : their spoilt baby which continues to violate Resolution 242 ( and many others) with impunity? Not that the attacks of 11 September is justifiable, but logically, “ all actions have a cause”. Now the Western world is coming to its senses with the sentiment that there should be a dialogue with Al Qaeda, Taliban, etc… just as the friendly Libyan “protesters” of today were the Terrorists of yesterday. Only one word comes to mind when thinking of Western politics: Hypocrisy!!! | | | jacky | | | Voila l'occasion afin de m'exprimer sur ce que je considere comme etant le business ROI au monde ou le montant du chiffre d'affaires ferait palir Einstein. Le business le plus lucratif au monde se trouve etre celui des armes, ce sont eux les plus gros gagnants. Pour en revenir au 11 Sept. 2011, il est clair que les terroristes ont perpetres les attentats et il faut ici souligner que la planification semble etre un chef d'oeuvre, excusez moi du terme, demoniaque ou il fallait etre certain de l'ossature et de la composition structurelle des tours jumelles serait vulnerable a l'impact de deux avions ayant des reservoirs plein. Il va sans dire que le stratege derriere cet attentat a du cher paye afin de s'approprier des informations architecturales et d'ingenierie du batiment. Comment ne pas faire mention ici que les Etats Unis comme le bloc de l'Ouest est peut etre en passe de "s'ecrouler" face a l'emergence de l'Est. A lire l'artcile de Rana Foroohar intituler THE DECLINE AND FALL OF EUROPE AND MAY BE THE WEST dans le TIMES du 22 Aout. | | | Honky Tonk | | | Hijacking 4 passenger planes to do that barbaric and cowardish act to kill innocents proves that bin Laden was a weak chicken hiding behind women all the time. He and his friends would never dare to face the Yanks on the battle field.He got what he deserved.No American soldiers died that day only unarmed civilians. | | | MBCTV | | | To Nassim,one must never forget the hundreds of thousands of Native Americans who have lost their land/continents,after having been subjected to the biggest genocide/holocaust ever committed in the history of mankind.Still some Mauritian commentators freely believe,that the Vietnam war did not take place!A little bit along the line of those who claim that the Jewish Holocaust never took place during the second world war.Hence,the Americans never lost a war because of its military might!Some will even claim that the US has won the war in Iraq...that's when translated means the hanging of Saddam Hussein when,his traitor sold him for a few coins and of course the murder of his sons!A whole invasion of a country where thousands of innocent Iraquis have died,slaughtered by US bombardment and local terrorism!Perhaps someone who is more au fait wih US military might,could suggest how the US plans to prevent the raining down of nuclear missiles launched from North Korea.on American cities,assuming that America and North Korea have gone into a full blown war.By extension,they could explain,how the US will crack down on China,preventing the latter from taking side militarily with North Korea,in the event of a US-North Korea war?The US will refuse to pay back its debts to China?The problem with the US is that it has gone to war supporting European colonial and neo colonial wars,starting with Korea,Vietnam etc.Wars fought NOT on principles,but to grab the natural resources of those countries,for the benefit of cliques based in the US and Europe! Today the US can only fight proxy wars,killing innocent people but cannot take the might of Russia, China or India.The last three countries will reply in kind...no doubt about that! | | | Elvis | | | War on terrorism began for about one thousand years ago when Saladin and his followers robbed and made Palestine muslim by force.We should remember that the land of Palestine was Catholic until year 1100.The land of Palestine was given to the jews by God under the leadership of Moses and the land of Israel was given to Abraham by God.So who the hell are the right owners of the land of milk and honey?One more important thing to remember is that Islam is only 1400 years old.If you ever doubt the superiority of the United States military power i would advise you to take a trip to Norfolk in Virginia and i'm damn sure you'll change your mind because i've been there many times. | | | Lélio Wong | | | Si on veut croire aux prédictions de l' Apocalypse 2012 ce ne seront pas les Américains qui bâtiront les Arches De Noé mais ceux qu'on appelaient " le danger jaune" , La Chine que malgré une dictature de l'intérieur mène encore une politique extérieure d'une coexistence pacifique. Même si on est épargné du déluge, "The Wind Of Change" is blowing East" and America will have more to face destructive political as well as natural hurricanes. The signs are visible.We should start believing naturally, not in power of forces. The circle of life is not man-made. | | | Nassim | | | What all the fuss about 9/11 ?
3,000 dead.
The American illegal intervention in Iraq has caused hundreds of death.
Not to say anything about the American intervention in Vietnam. And in Vietnam it is still causing hundreds of thousand of children to be born with sever deformities thanks to agent Orange sprayed by the Americans all over Vietnam.
| | | Nagarjuna | | | "Les Etats-Unis ne sont plus la puissance incontestee et incontestable". I would question this because it assumes an intimate knowledge of the military capabilities of the United States which no one knows. So far no country is foolish enough to test them to find out. Terrorism is only scratching the surface. Only WW III can reveal the real military strength of the US...if there are human beings still alive to write about it. | |
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